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Math::Int64 adds support for 64 bit integers, signed and unsigned, to Perl.

Math::GMPf is a bigfloat module utilising the GNU MP (GMP) library. Basically this module simply wraps all of the mpf floating point functions provided by that library. See the Math::GMPf test suite for some examples of usage.

Math::GMPz is a bignum module utilising the GNU MP (GMP) library. Basically this module simply wraps all of the mpz integer functions provided by that library. See the Math::GMPz test suite for some examples of usage.

Math::SimpleVariable is a simple representation of mathematical variables, with an obligatory name and an optional value.

The Math::VectorReal package defines a 3D mathematical "vector", in a way that is compatible with the previous CPAN module Math::MatrixReal. However it provides a more vector oriented set of mathematical functions and overload operators, to the MatrixReal package. For example the normal perl string functions "x" and "." have been overloaded to allow vector cross and dot product operations. Vector math formula thus looks like vector math formula in perl programs using this package.

Math::Symbolic is intended to offer symbolic calculation capabilities to the Perl programmer without using external (and commercial) libraries and/or applications. Possibly the most convenient way of constructing Math::Symbolic trees is using the builtin parser to generate trees from expressions such as '2 * x^5'. You may use the Math::Symbolic->parse_from_string() class method for this.

Math::Sequence defines a class for simple mathematic sequences with a recursive definition such as x_(n+1) = 1 / (x_n + 1). Creation of a Math::Sequence object is described below in the paragraph about the constructor. Math::Sequence uses Math::Symbolic to parse and modify the recursive sequence definitions. That means you specify the sequence as a string which is parsed by Math::Symbolic. Alternatively, you can pass the constructor a Math::Symbolic tree directly. Because Math::Sequence uses Math::Symbolic for its implementation, all results will be Math::Symbolic objects which may contain other variables than the sequence variable itself. Each Math::Sequence object is an iterator to iterate over the elements of the sequence starting at the first element (which was specified by the starting element, the second argument to the new() constructor). It offers facilities to cache all calculated elements and access any element directly, though unless the element has been cached in a previous calculation, this is just a shortcut for repeated use of the iterator.

Math::Series defines a class for simple mathematic series with a recursive definition such as x_(n+1) = 1 / (x_n + 1). Such a recursive definition is treated as a sequence whose elements will be added to form a series. You can refer to the previous sequence element as well as to the current index in the series. Creation of a Math::Series object is described below in the paragraph about the constructor. Math::Series uses Math::Symbolic to parse and modify the recursive sequence definitions. That means you specify the sequence as a string which is parsed by Math::Symbolic. Alternatively, you can pass the constructor a Math::Symbolic tree directly. Because Math::Series uses Math::Symbolic for its implementation, all results will be Math::Symbolic objects which may contain other variables than the sequence variable and the iterator variable. Each Math::Series object is an iterator to iterate over the elements of the series starting at the first element (which was specified by the starting element, the second argument to the new() constructor). It offers facilities to cache all calculated elements and access any element directly, though unless the element has been cached in a previous calculation, this is just a shortcut for repeated use of the iterator.

Commons Math is a library of lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components addressing the most common problems not available in the Java programming language or Commons Lang.

Commons Math is a library of lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components addressing the most common problems not available in the Java programming language or Commons Lang.