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[From the EsounD website:] [W]hen two or more applications want to play sounds at the same time, it's on a first-come, first-served basis. Whoever gets to the audio device first wins. EsounD changes all of that... The Enlightened Sound Daemon mixes several audio streams for playback by a single audio device. You can also pre-load samples, and play them back without having to send all the data for the sound. Network transparency is also built in, so you can play sounds on one machine, and listen to them on another.

forked-daapd is a DAAP (iTunes), MPD (Music Player Daemon) and RSP (Roku) media server. It is a complete rewrite of mt-daapd (Firefly Media Server). It has support for AirPlay devices/speakers, Apple Remote (and compatibles), MPD clients, Chromecast, network streaming, internet radio, Spotify and LastFM. It does not support streaming video by AirPlay nor Chromecast. DAAP stands for Digital Audio Access Protocol, and is the protocol used by iTunes and friends to share/stream media libraries over the network. RSP is Roku's own media sharing protocol. Roku are the makers of the SoundBridge devices.

Opus is a totally open, royalty-free, highly versatile audio codec. It is standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as RFC 6716 which incorporated technology from Skype's SILK codec and Xiph.Org's CELT codec. Opus is designed to handle a wide range of interactive audio applications, including Voice over IP, videoconferencing, in-game chat, and even live, distributed music performances. It scales from low bitrate narrowband speech at 6 kbit/s to very high quality stereo music at 510 kbit/s. Opus uses both Linear Prediction (LP) and the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) to achieve good compression of both speech and music.

Pragha is a Lightweight Music Player, based on GTK, and SQLite. Main features: * Full integration with GTK+3 * Library with multiple views, according tags or folder structure * Search, filtering and queue songs on current playlist * Playing and edit tag of mp3, m4a, ogg, flac, asf, wma, and ape files * Playlist management: Exporting M3U and read M3U, PLS, XSPF and WAX playlists. * Playback control with command line Extensible by plugins: * AcoustID: Get metadata on AcoustID service * Global Hotkeys: Control Pragha with multimedia keys * Notification: Show notification when change songs * Get radios: Search radios on TuneIn service

libgpod is a shared library to access the contents of an iPod and optionally iPhone (via `comms/libimobiledevice' library port, enabled by default). This code was originally part of gtkpod itself. When the parsing code was made self-contained with gtkpod v0.93, decision was made to put this code in a separate library so that other projects can benefit from it without duplicating code. libgpod supports playlists, smart playlists, playcounts, ratings, podcasts, cover art, audio and video. Photo support is implemented as well. Python and Mono bindings are optionally available too.

TiMidity is a software synthesizer. It can play MIDI files by converting them into PCM waveform data; give it a MIDI data along with digital instrument data files, then it synthesizes them in real-time, and plays. It can not only play sounds, but also can save the generated waveforms into hard disks as various audio file formats. TiMidity 0.2i was written by Tuukka Toivonen <tt@cgs.fi> in 1995. No new version of this project has been released since then. Development has been continued by Masanao Izumo et al. in the new project named TiMidity++ (audio/timidity++).

tosha reads CD-DA (digital audio) and CD-XA (digital video) tracks and writes them to the hard disk. Several audio formats are supported: raw PCM (little-endian and big-endian byte order), WAV / RIFF, AIFF and Sun AU. You can also pipe the data directly into an audio or video player. A simple audio player is included ("pcmplay"). To playback VideoCD data, you need a third-party product, for example MpegTV (see http://www.mpegtv.com/). tosha reads the digital audio / video data through the SCSI bus; therefore it does not work with IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM drives nor with proprietary interfaces.

Artemis is a DNA sequence viewer and annotation tool that allows visualisation of sequence features and the results of analyses within the context of the sequence, and its six-frame translation. Artemis is written in Java, reads EMBL or GENBANK format sequences and feature tables, and can work on sequences of any size. ACT (Artemis Comparison Tool) is a DNA sequence comparison viewer based on Artemis. It can open two or more sequences (and their annotations/features) together with their comparisons (usually the result of running blastn or tblastx searches).

MAFFT offers a range of multiple alignment strategies, L-INS-i (accurate; recommended for <200 sequences), FFT-NS-i (standard speed and accuracy), FFT-NS-2 (fast; recommended for >2,000 sequences), etc. According to BAliBASE and other benchmark tests, L-INS-i is one of the most accurate methods currently available. MAFFT has been described: K. Katoh and H. Toh 2008 (Briefings in Bioinformatics 9:286-298) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. K. Katoh, K. Misawa, K. Kuma and T. Miyata (Nucleic Acids Res. 30: 3059-3066, 2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform.

"Primer3 is a complete rewrite of the original PRIMER program (Primer 0.5), written by Steve Lincoln, Mark Daly, and Eric Lander. See DIFFERENCES FROM EARLIER VERSIONS for a discussion of how Primer3 differs from its predecessors, Primer 0.5 and Primer v2. Primer3 picks primers for PCR reactions, considering as criteria: o oligonucleotide melting temperature, size, GC content, and primer-dimer possibilities, o PCR product size, o positional constraints within the source sequence, and o miscellaneous other constraints. All of these criteria are user-specifiable as constraints, and some are specifiable as terms in an objective function that characterizes an optimal primer pair." - from the README file